21-04-2021

Year 13hibs English

Year Thirteen is an educational year group in schools in many countries including England and Wales, Northern Ireland, Australia and New Zealand. It is sometimes the thirteenth and final year of compulsory education, or alternatively a year of post-compulsory education.

Australia[edit]

Find Your Passion. Plan Your Future. Year13 acknowledges the people of the land of which they work and recognises the many language groups that continue their connection to.

See examples of 13 in English. Real sentences showing how to use 13 correctly.
Year 13 n noun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. UK (England, Wales: final school year, 17-18) ( UK: sistema scolastico ) year 13 nm sostantivo maschile: Identifica un essere, un oggetto o un concetto che assume genere maschile: medico, gatto, strumento, assegno, dolore.

In certain Australian states, some schools will offer a ‘Year 13’ programme to students who wish to complete the usual one-year Year 12 programme over two years, or who were not successful in a sufficient number of subjects to attain the relevant Year 12 qualification on their first attempt. Year 13 students generally undertake standard Year 12 subjects alongside Year 12 students, and the majority of students will not undertake Year 13.^[1]

New Zealand[edit]

In New Zealand, Year Thirteen is the second year of post-compulsory education. Students entering Year 13 are usually aged between 16.5 and 18.^[2] A student may stay in Year Thirteen until the end of the calendar year following their 19th birthday. Year Thirteen pupils are educated in secondary schools or in area schools.^[3]

Year Thirteen was previously known as the 7th form and students will be studying towards NCEA Level 3.

United Kingdom[edit]

England and Wales[edit]

In schools in England and Wales, Year 13 is the thirteenth year after Reception. It is normally the final year of Key Stage 5 and since 2015 it is compulsory to participate in some form of education or training in this year for students who finished Year 11 at an educational establishment in England. Students who finished their secondary schooling at a Welsh establishment do not have to stay in education or training even if they are a resident of England.

Those aged 17 on 31 August will become part of Year 13 on the first working day after that date.

Northern Ireland[edit]

In Northern Ireland, Year Thirteen is the first year of post-compulsory education. Students in Year Thirteen are aged between 16 and 17. It usually forms part of a Sixth form or Sixth-form college.

References[edit]

^[1]Guide to Social Security Law, Commonwealth Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 19 October 1998
^'School years and levels'. Team-up website. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 10 January 2009.
^'Types of schools'. Team-up website. Ministry of Education. Retrieved 10 January 2009.

Preceded by
Year Twelve

Year Thirteen
17–18
18–19
19–20

Succeeded by
Year Fourteen
or
University

Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Year_Thirteen&oldid=998653653'

The AN/ART-13 was a radio transmitter manufactured by Collins Radio that found widespread use during and after World War II in military aircraft.

ART 13 radio transmitter

History[edit]

US Navy (T-47/ART-13 Radio Transmitter) training on board the USS Nereus, circa. 1952

In 1940 the Collins Radio Company designed a new radio transmitter for the US Navy. The transmitter, Navy designation ATC, was later re-designated under the Joint Army-Navy (JAN) system as T-47/ART-13. The Army Air Force adopted a slightly improved version as the T-47A/ART-13, most made by Stewart-Warner. The USAAF matched the AN/ART-13A with the BC-348 receiver, whose -R and -Q models were known under the JAN system as the AN/ARR-11. The resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-8 and was the liaison radio set on many larger USAAF aircraft beginning late in World War II. Some were still in service in the early 1970s.

The earlier AN/ART-13 was widely used in post-World War II Navy aircraft, being paired up post-World War II with the Navy's AN/ARR-15 auto-tune receiver. The resulting communications system was known as the AN/ARC-25. Its replacement began with the Collins AN/ARC-38 AM transceiver in the early 1950s, which in turn was upgraded to the AN/ARC-38A USB transceiver in the late 1950s. The Russians made nearly exact copies of the AN/ART-13 transmitter (called RSB-70 and R-807) for use on their military aircraft. It is thought that they obtained AN/ART-13 units from battle damaged B-29bombers that landed in Russia during World War II. It was well known that the Russians copied the B-29 bomber calling their version the Tu-4.

Enola Gay, the B-29 Superfortressbomber that dropped 'Little Boy', the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan was equipped with the AN/ARC-8 combination.^[1] The AN/ART-13 is used today by ham radio operators interested in restoring and operating historic military gear.^[2] It is often paired with a BC-348 military receiver of World War II vintage or the later AN/ARR-15 autotuned receiver of postwar vintage.^[3]

Performance[edit]

The AN/ART-13 operated in CW (code), MCW and AM (voice) modes and covered LF, MF and HFfrequencies up to 18.1 MHz. It had ten autotuned VFO tuned channels that could be preset. Post-war modifications by COMCO and other companies added crystal frequency control capability and were approved for use on civil airliners. Power output was approximately 100 watts using an 813 vacuum tube as the final amplifier. Under favorable atmospheric conditions communications could be established between aircraft and ground stations separated by thousands of miles.