21-04-2021
Comparative & Superlative
- Mary: Good evening madam, may I help you with something?
- What does comparative mean? The definition of comparative is a comparison or an assessment of similarities and differ.
- Superlative Comparative Worksheet
- Comparative And Superlative Practice
- Comparative Superlative Ppt
- Rules For Comparatives And Superlatives
Comparative adjectives are adjectives that compare differences between the attributes of two nouns. These are often measurements, such as height, weight, depth, distance, etc., but they don’t have to be. We can also use comparative adjectives to compare non-physical characteristics.
Comparatives (with Examples)
A comparative is the form of adjective or adverb used to compare two things.Examples of Comparatives
Here are some examples of comparatives (comparatives shaded):- Mark is taller. (taller = comparative of the adjective tall)
- Mark listens more attentively these days. (more attentively = comparative of the adverb attentively)
- When you hire people who are smarter than you are, you prove you are smarter than they are. (R H Grant) (smarter = comparative of the adjective smart)
- Nothing is impossible. Some things are just less likely than others. (Jonathan Winters) (less likely = comparative of the adverb likely)
Degrees of Comparison
This page is about comparatives (also called the 'comparative degree' or the 'second degree of comparison'), but every adjective or adverb can be written in one of three degrees:- The Positive Degree. The positive degree offers no comparison. It just tells us about the existence of a quality (e.g., nice, nicely).
- The Comparative Degree. The comparative degree (or comparative) compares two things to show which has the lesser or greater degree of the quality (e.g., nicer, more nicely).
- The Superlative Degree. The superlative degree (or superlative) compares more than two things to show which has the least or greatest degree of the quality (e.g., nicest, most nicely).
Forming Comparatives
Often, the comparative form of an adjective or adverb can be formed by adding the suffix-eror by placing more (or less) before.Here are some examples:
Example | Word Type | Formed | Comparative |
---|---|---|---|
small | adjective | add -er | smaller |
quickly | adverb | precede with more | more quickly |
quickly | adverb | precede with less | less quickly |
However, it is a little more complicated than just adding -er or using more. There is more on this to come.
Read more about forming the comparatives and superlatives of adjectives.
Read more about forming the comparatives and superlatives of adverbs.
A Video Summary
Here is a short video summarizing the comparative degree.Forming Comparatives (and Superlatives)
It makes sense to learn about comparatives and superlatives at the same time because they are both about making comparisons.A comparative is known as the second or the middle degree of comparison (for adjectives and adverbs).
A superlative is known as the third or
Superlative Comparative Worksheet
the highest degree of comparison (for adjectives and adverbs).Word | Comparative (or second degree of comparison) | Suplerlative (or third degree of comparison) |
---|---|---|
When an adjective or an adverb ends with a single consonant, add er or est: | ||
big (adjective) | bigger | biggest |
soon (adverb) | sooner | soonest |
When an adjective or an adverb ends y, drop the y and add ier (for the comparative) and iest (for the superlative): | ||
dry (adjective) | drier | driest |
silly (adjective) | sillier | silliest |
early (adverb) | earlier | earliest |
When an adjective or an adverb ends e, drop the e and add er (for the comparative) and est (for the superlative): | ||
pale (adjective) | paler | palest |
free (adverb) | freer | freest |
When an adjective or an adverb has more than one syllable (but beware exceptions like silly and early), place more in front (for the comparative) and most in front (for the superlative): | ||
attractive (adjective) | more attractive | most attractive |
angrily (adverb) | more angrily | most angrily |
There are a few irregular ones too. You just have to learn these. It's worth it. Most of them are very common words: | ||
good (adjective) | better | best |
bad (adjective) | worse | worst |
well (adverb) | better | best |
badly (adverb) | worse | worst |
little (adverb and adjective) | less | least |
much (adverb and adjective) | more | most |
far (adverb and adjective) | farther or further | farthest or furthest |
Why Should I Care about Comparatives?
Below are the three most problematic issues related to comparatives.(Issue 1) Do not form double comparatives.
The rules for forming a comparative are above. Only apply one of the rules for each adjective or adverb. In other words, do not apply two of the rules. If you do (e.g., by using 'more' and adding '-er'), you will form a so-called double comparative, which is a serious grammar error. For example:- David is more taller.
- He can run more faster.
- She was more prettier.
- David was less smarter than John.
Read more about double comparatives.
(Issue 2) Use the comparative degree not the superlative degree when comparing two things.
Use a comparative not a superlative when comparing just two things. For example:Comparative And Superlative Practice
- Of the two, select the most appropriate hat. ('More suitable hat' would be correct.)
- Janet is the most suitable candidate. (Reading this, we'd assume there were more than two candidates. If there were just two, it should say 'more suitable.')
(Issue 3) Be careful with adjectives that already express the highest degree.
Some argue that adjectives like dead and unique already express the quality to the highest degree and therefore should not have a comparative or a superlative form. So, if you write 'deader' or 'most unique,' make sure you can justify it. The following four adjectives attract the most criticism:- Dead (Can something be deader or deadest?)
- Single (Can something be more or most single?)
- Unique (Can something be more or most unique?)
- Instantaneous (Can something be more or most instantaneous?)
Key Points
- Don't apply two rules for forming a comparative (e.g., more tastier, more better). That's a serious mistake.
- Use the comparative degree (not the superlative) when comparing just two things.
- Janet is the cleverer out of Janet and John. ('Cleverest' would be wrong.)
Interactive Exercise
Here are three randomly selected questions from a larger exercise, which can be edited, printed to create an exercise worksheet, or sent via email to friends or students.- Do you disagree with something on this page?
- Did you spot a typo?