Ace Of Spades
Many readers might see the Ace of Spades as nothing more than another innocuous card in the deck. However, to some people, this card carries a heavy energy. People and cultures throughout the world have long considered the Ace of Spades to be a symbol of bad luck and death.
Like symbols of mourning and euphemisms for death, such traditional and/or superstitious beliefs can potentially help us cope with our own mortality by forcing us to confront it, even if they also induce fear.
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This brief guide will cover some of those beliefs, describing how their roots in early fortune-telling influenced modern interpretations of the Ace of Spades. It will also explore how pop culture has kept these superstitions alive (no pun intended) throughout the years.
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What’s the Meaning of the Ace of Spades, or the Death Card?
The Ace of Spades can symbolize many different fearful ideas or experiences depending on the context. In general, its dark color (or lack thereof) has resulted in numerous cultures associating it with imminent death, bad fortune, disaster, hatred, war, and even the end of the world.
There’s also reason to suspect these beliefs stem not only from the card’s dark color, but also from the fact that we use spades to dig into the earth. That means some might easily associate a spade with digging a plot for a casket or coffin.
Why is the Ace of Spades Called the Death Card?
While it’s true that beliefs about the Ace of Spades symbolizing death date back centuries, in modern times, people began commonly referring to the Ace of Spades as the Death Card after the Vietnam War.
Before the Vietnam War, the French occupied the Indo-China region to which Vietnam belongs. They brought with them a range of customs. Telling fortunes with cards was one. In the French fortune-telling tradition, an Ace of Spades indicates bad luck or death in one’s future.
United States troops in the Vietnam War heard this caused some superstitious Vietnamese to fear the card to such a degree that they’d retreat at the very sight of it. Thus, two Lieutenants from Company C, Second Battalion, 35th Regiment, 25th Infantry Division actually contacted the Bicycle playing card company asking if they’d provide decks containing only the Ace of Spades. According to the company’s account, Bicycle honored this request, sending thousands of such decks at no charge.
The troops who received the Ace of Spades-only decks reportedly used them as a means of promoting fear among the Viet Cong. They would place the Ace of Spades cards on the corpses of slain enemy combatants, leave them in villages, scatter them in the jungle, and according to some reports, even wear them in their helmets, as if to tell the enemy they brought death with them.
Fear of the Ace of Spades may not have been as widespread in Viet Cong soldiers as some reports claim. This type of psychological warfare maintains some of its roots in western assumptions that eastern foreigners may be more superstitious than their American invaders. Regardless, this helped propel the idea that the Ace of Spades is an omen of ill-fortune.
Is the Ace of Spades Bad Luck?
Those exposed to French fortune-telling may not have been the only ones who considered the Ace of Spades to represent bad luck. Throughout history, it hasn’t been uncommon for some gamblers to believe that the Ace of Spades also represents poor fortune.
None of this is to say the Ace of Spades actually does bring about bad luck. In fact, if you give in to the belief that the Ace of Spades will cause you to experience poor fortune, you may genuinely be more likely to fall prey to bad fortune in the future.
Researchers have found that when people believe in certain bad omens, if they encounter those omens or symbols, they may experience a psychological effect that results in a state of fear, uncertainty, and lack of confidence. The opposite, however, is true. Exposing people to good luck symbols (if they believe in them) increases confidence and optimism.
Both of these states can easily affect the future. For example, maybe you’re a superstitious person on your way to take an important test, and you come across an Ace of Spades in some form. This could make you so fearful that you perform below your abilities on the test. Your mental state will distract you. However, because you’re superstitious, you may associate the poor outcome with the Ace of Spades you saw, reaffirming your belief that the card is bad luck.
This isn’t to dismiss all superstitions. These kinds of traditional beliefs can play an important role in a person’s cultural and personal life. Just remember that putting too much emphasis on a belief in bad luck symbols could potentially cause you to experience more “bad luck” than you otherwise would. This self-fulfilling prophecy might even explain why superstitious beliefs about the Ace of Spades have persisted for so long.
Examples of the Ace of Spades in Popular Culture
Although its role in the Vietnam War is the reason many people today refer to the Ace of Spades as the Death Card, remember, beliefs associating the card with bad luck and death pre-date the war.
So, it may come as no surprise to learn that the Ace of Spades has symbolized death in a range of pop culture dating back to over a century ago. The following are some particularly noteworthy examples:
Motorhead
Pioneering hard rock group Motorhead has plenty of tunes that heavy metal and punk fans alike consider classics. However, the band’s most well-known track has long been “Ace of Spades” from the album of the same name. Even those unfamiliar with the band may recognize the first few seconds of the iconic opening bass riff.
The song’s lyrics reflect the superstitious beliefs of gamblers about the card that gives the track its name. The song is told from the POV of a gleefully self-destructive gambler who claims “the only card I need is the Ace of Spades” as he describes the, uh, “joys” of living recklessly, losing money routinely, and happily accepting his life won’t last forever. All of this corresponds with the belief that the Ace of Spades represents bad luck and death.
I Love Lucy
The I Love Lucy episode “Lucy Thinks Ricky is Trying to Murder Her” gave audiences a more comedic take on Ace of Spades superstitions. During one scene in the episode, Lucy and her friend Ethel are telling fortunes with playing cards.
When Ethel deals the cards to tell Lucy’s fortune, fear overtakes her. Lucy asks why she’s so afraid, and Ethel admits the Queen of Hearts she dealt represents Lucy, and the Ace of Spades represents death. This causes Lucy to fearfully assume her husband plans to murder her. (Of course, anyone familiar with the show knows that was never an actual possibility!)
Carmen
Superstitious beliefs about the Ace of Spades don’t merely show up in recent pop culture. Older cultural works also include references.
For instance, in Act III of the opera Carmen, the title character and her friends tell their fortunes with cards. The appearance of the Ace of Spades (spoilers ahead!) worsens Carmen’s fear that her death is imminent. This fear sadly turns out to be warranted when her jealous ex-lover murders her.
Pinocchio
Ace of Spades superstitions play such a prominent role in culture that they even appear in cute Disney films for kids.
Specifically, in Pinocchio, the ironically-named Honest John tricks the title puppet into visiting the dangerous Pleasure Island by giving him a “ticket” in the form of an Ace of Spades.
The Ace of Spades: A Symbol (and Reminder) of Death
Hopefully, this brief guide helped you more thoroughly understand the Ace of Spades’ symbolic relevance in numerous cultures.
Just keep in mind, a symbol of death doesn’t need to be a negative symbol. It can instead serve as a powerful reminder to live life to the fullest while you still can—thanks, Motorhead.
Sources
- Burn, Shawn M. “Very Superstitious.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, LLC, 16 October 2018, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/presence-mind/201810/very-superstitious
- Childs, Fred. “Ace of Spades.” CHARLIE COMPANY VIETNAM 1966-1972, Charlie Company, 31 August 2018, charliecompany.org/2018/08/31/ace-of-spades/
- Egan, James. “3000 Facts About Animated Films.” James Egan.
- Goulding, Phil G. “Ticket to the Opera.” Fawcett Books, 1996.
- “Lucy Thinks Ricky is Trying to Murder Her.” I Love Lucy, CBS, 1951, www.cbs.com/shows/i_love_lucy/video/1811406564/i-love-lucy-lucy-thinks-ricky-is-trying-to-murder-her/
- Olderr, Steven. “Symbolism: A Comprehensive Dictionary.” McFarland & Company, Inc., 2012.
- “Our History.” Bicycle, The United States Playing Card Company, bicyclecards.com/article/our-history/
- Webster, Richard. “The Encyclopedia of Superstitions.” Llewellyn Publications, 2008.
Spades Rules
These are the rules I use for Spades. I got them from John McLeod's pagat.com, which has rules for pretty much all card games. (C) John McLeod, 2011 - reprinted with permission.
The teams
The four players are in fixed partnerships, with partners sitting opposite each other. Deal and play are clockwise.
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Rank of Cards
A standard pack of 52 cards is used. The cards, in each suit, rank from highest to lowest: A, K, Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.
The Deal
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The first dealer is chosen at random, and the turn to deal rotates clockwise. The cards are shuffled and then dealt singly, in clockwise order beginning with the player on dealer's left, until all 52 cards have been dealt and everyone has 13.
The Bidding
In Spades, all four players bid a number of tricks. Each team adds together the bids of the two partners, and the total is the number of tricks that team must try to win in order to get a positive score. The bidding begins with the player to dealer's left and continues clockwise around the table. Everyone must bid a number, and in theory any number from 0 to 13 is allowed. Unlike other games with bidding, there is no requirement for each bid to be higher than the last one, and players are not allowed to pass. There is no second round of bidding - bids once made cannot be altered.
Example: South deals; West bids 3; North bids 1; East bids 4; South bids 4. The objective of North and South is to win at least 5 tricks (4+1), East and West try to win at least 7 (4+3).
A bid of 0 tricks is known as Nil. This is a declaration that that the player who bid Nil will not win any tricks during the play. There is an extra bonus for this if it succeeds and a penalty if it fails. The partnership also has the objective of winning the number of tricks bid by the Nil's partner. It is not possible to bid no tricks without bidding a Nil. If you don't want to go for the Nil bonus or penalty you must bid at least 1.
The Play of the Hand
The player to dealer's left leads any card except a spade to the first trick. Each player, in turn, clockwise, must follow suit if able; if unable to follow suit, the player may play any card.
A trick containing a spade is won by the highest spade played; if no spade is played, the trick is won by the highest card of the suit led. The winner of each trick leads to the next. Spades may not be led until either some player has played a spade (on the lead of another suit, of course), or the leader has nothing but spades left in hand.
Playing the first spade is known as 'breaking' spades.
A Boston is when one team gets all 13 tricks in a round.
Scoring
A side that takes at least as many tricks as its bid calls for receives a score equal to 10 times its bid. Additional tricks (overtricks) are worth an extra one point each.
Sandbagging rule: Overtricks are colloquially known as bags. A side which (over several deals) accumulates ten or more bags has 100 points deducted from its score. Any bags beyond ten are carried over to the next cycle of ten overtricks - that is if they reached twenty overtricks they would lose another 100 points and so on.
Example: Suppose a team whose score is 337 bids 5 tricks and they have 7 bags carried over from the previous rounds. If they win 7 tricks they score 52, taking their score to 389 (and their bags to 9). If they win 8 tricks they score 53, but lose 100 because they now have 10 bags, and their score becomes 290 (337 + 53 - 100). If they win 9 tricks they score 54 and lose 100, bringing their score to 291.
If a side does not make its bid, they lose 10 points for each trick they bid.
If a bid of nil is successful, the nil bidder's side receives 100 points. This is in addition to the score won (or lost) by the partner of the nil bidder for tricks made. If a bid of nil fails - that is, the bidder takes at least one trick - the bidder's side loses 100 points, but still receives any amount scored for the partner's bid.
When a nil fails, the tricks won by the nil bidder do not count towards making the partner's bid, but do count as bags for the team.
The side which reaches 500 points first wins the game. If both sides reach 500 points in a single deal, the side with the higher score wins.